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Plants

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Parts Of Plants
Each part of a plant has a very important function.  All plants produce flowers for the same reason: to make seeds so another plant can grow.
 Leaves: These are the parts of the plant where food is made by  photosynthesis.  Leaves take in carbon dioxide from the air, water  from the soil, and energy from the sunlight.  During photosynthesis, the leaves use light energy to change carbon dioxide and water into food. (sugar)

Flowers: These are the reproductive parts of a plant.  Flower petals and the flowers smell attract insects and bees to pollinate the flower.  After pollination, the petals fall off and seeds develop in the part of a flower called the ovary.  The ovary itself usually becomes what we call the fruit.

Stems:  These support the upper parts of plants.  Water and dissolved nutrients from the soil travel up the stem in a system of tubes.  Food from the leaves travel down stems to the roots.  Stems also store food for the plant.

Roots: These anchor plants in the soil.  Water and minerals are taken from the soil through the roots.  Many plants such as carrots, store food in their roots.

Seeds: these contain a tiny embryo of a plant inside.  The seed halves contain food which supplies energy and materials for growth until the plant grows its first leaves above the ground.















Plants (Year 3)
The External Features of Plants
There are many different kinds of plants around us. Each plant has its own external features i.e. the different parts of a plant that you can observe. The external features of most of the plants includes stem, flowers, leaves and fruits.

Mind Map on External Features of Plants
 
Grouping of Plants
We can group plants according to their similar external features.
Stem
  1. Some plant have woody stems e.g. hibiscus plant, rubber tree, rose plant and  durian tree.
  2. Some plant have non-woody/soft stems e.g. banana plant, sunflower plant, ferns and balsam plant.

       Do you know?
The fern is a plant that reproduces using spores. We may find the spores underneath the leaves of the fern.

Flowers
  1. Some plants produce flowers and some do not. 
  2. Plants that produce flowers are called flowering plants e.g. rafflesia plant, tomato plant, rambutan tree, grass, cactus and paddy.
  3. Plants that do not produce flowers are called non-flowering plants e.g. staghorn fern, mushroom and bamboo.

       Do you know?
The rafflesia plant has no stems, leaves or true roots.

Leaves
  1. Plants can be grouped based on the surface of the leaf. Some plants have leaves with smooth and shiny surfaces e.g. banana plant, spiderlily and yam plant. Whilst some have rough and dull surfaces e.g. sunflower, chrysanthemum, fern and coconut tree.
  2. Leaves are normally green in colour. However, there are some plants with leaves' coloured red, yellow or purple e.g. bougainvillea, croton and mother-in-law's tongue.
  3. Plants can also be grouped according to the shape of leaves. Oval shaped leaves e.g. mango tree and canna plant. Long leaves e.g. sugar cane plant, pandanus and lallang. Irregular shaped leaves e.g. papaya plant and chrysanthemum.
  4. Plants also can be grouped according to the edges of the shaped leaves i.e. tooth-edged, smooth-edged or lobe edged. Tooth-edged e.g. rose plant; smooth-edged e.g. balsam plant; lobe edged e.g. papaya plant and maple tree.

       Do you know?
Sugar cane plants do not have fruits.

Different Ways of Grouping of Plants
  1. Plants can be grouped in different ways based on similar or common external features.
  2. For examples these flowering plants i.e. pea plant, pineapple plant, banana plant, rambutan tree, hibiscus plant and bougainvillea plant. They can also be grouped like this:
  • soft stem > pea plant, pineapple plant and banana plant
  • woody stem > rambutan tree, hibiscus plant and bougainvillea plant


  Do you know?
The actual flower of bougainvillea plant is small and generally white, but each cluster of three flowers is surrounded by three or six bracts with the bright colors associated with the plant, including pink, magenta, purple, red, orange, white, or yellow.



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