Parts Of Plants
Each
part of a plant has a very important function. All plants produce
flowers for the same reason: to make seeds so another plant can grow.
Leaves: These are the parts of the
plant where food is made by photosynthesis. Leaves take
in carbon dioxide from the air, water from the soil, and energy from
the sunlight. During photosynthesis, the leaves use light energy to
change carbon dioxide and water into food. (sugar)
Flowers: These are the reproductive
parts of a plant. Flower petals and the flowers smell attract insects and
bees to pollinate the flower. After pollination, the petals fall off and
seeds develop in the part of a flower called the ovary. The ovary itself
usually becomes what we call the fruit.
Stems: These support the upper
parts of plants. Water and dissolved nutrients from the soil travel up
the stem in a system of tubes. Food from the leaves travel down stems to
the roots. Stems also store food for the plant.
Roots: These anchor plants in the
soil. Water and minerals are taken from the soil through the roots.
Many plants such as carrots, store food in their roots.
Seeds: these contain a tiny embryo of
a plant inside. The seed halves contain food which supplies energy and
materials for growth until the plant grows its first leaves above the ground.
Plants
(Year 3)
The External Features of Plants
There are many different kinds of plants around us. Each
plant has its own external features i.e. the different parts of a plant that
you can observe. The external features of most of the plants includes stem,
flowers,
leaves and fruits.
Mind Map on External Features of Plants
|
Grouping
of Plants
We can group plants according to their similar external
features.
Stem
- Some plant have woody stems e.g. hibiscus plant, rubber tree, rose plant and durian tree.
- Some plant have non-woody/soft stems e.g. banana plant, sunflower plant, ferns and balsam plant.
Do you know?
The fern
is a plant that reproduces using spores. We may find the spores underneath the
leaves of the fern.
Flowers
- Some plants produce flowers and some do not.
- Plants that produce flowers are called flowering plants e.g. rafflesia plant, tomato plant, rambutan tree, grass, cactus and paddy.
- Plants that do not produce flowers are called non-flowering plants e.g. staghorn fern, mushroom and bamboo.
Do you know?
The rafflesia plant has no stems, leaves or true roots.
Leaves
- Plants can be grouped based on the surface of the leaf. Some plants have leaves with smooth and shiny surfaces e.g. banana plant, spiderlily and yam plant. Whilst some have rough and dull surfaces e.g. sunflower, chrysanthemum, fern and coconut tree.
- Leaves are normally green in colour. However, there are some plants with leaves' coloured red, yellow or purple e.g. bougainvillea, croton and mother-in-law's tongue.
- Plants can also be grouped according to the shape of leaves. Oval shaped leaves e.g. mango tree and canna plant. Long leaves e.g. sugar cane plant, pandanus and lallang. Irregular shaped leaves e.g. papaya plant and chrysanthemum.
- Plants also can be grouped according to the edges of the shaped leaves i.e. tooth-edged, smooth-edged or lobe edged. Tooth-edged e.g. rose plant; smooth-edged e.g. balsam plant; lobe edged e.g. papaya plant and maple tree.
Do you know?
Sugar cane plants do
not have fruits.
Different
Ways of Grouping of Plants
- Plants can be grouped in different ways based on similar or common external features.
- For examples these flowering plants i.e. pea plant, pineapple plant, banana plant, rambutan tree, hibiscus plant and bougainvillea plant. They can also be grouped like this:
- soft stem > pea plant, pineapple plant and banana plant
- woody stem > rambutan tree, hibiscus plant and bougainvillea plant
Do you know?
The actual flower of bougainvillea plant is small and generally white, but
each cluster of three flowers is surrounded by three or six bracts with the bright colors associated with the
plant, including pink, magenta, purple, red, orange, white, or yellow.
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